Copenhagen, Denmark's most populous city, traces its roots to a Viking fishing village established in the 10th century near Gammel Strand. By the early 15th century, it had become the capital of Denmark. Over time, it evolved into a regional power center, bolstered by its institutions, defenses, and armed forces. During the Renaissance, it functioned as the de facto capital of the Kalmar Union, overseeing much of the present-day Nordic region in a personal union with Sweden and Norway under the Danish monarch's rule.

For well over 120 years, Copenhagen thrived as the cultural and economic nucleus of Scandinavia, from the 15th to the early 16th century, until Sweden's rebellion dissolved the union. Subsequently, the city underwent redevelopment following a plague outbreak and fire in the 18th century. This period saw the establishment of esteemed areas like Frederiksstaden and cultural institutions like the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts.

In the wake of further challenges, including an attack by Horatio Nelson in the early 19th century, the Danish Golden Age brought a Neoclassical aesthetic to Copenhagen's architecture. Post-World War II, the Finger Plan encouraged urban expansion along five railway routes emanating from the city center.

Today, Copenhagen's appearance mirrors its enduring role as a regional hub. The city is characterized by its diverse districts, each representing a distinct era. Noteworthy features include an abundance of water, numerous parks, and an extensive network of bicycle paths. Bridges connect various districts, creating a cityscape punctuated by parks, promenades, and waterfronts. Key landmarks such as Tivoli Gardens, The Little Mermaid statue, Amalienborg and Christiansborg palaces, Rosenborg Castle, Frederik's Church, Børsen, and a plethora of museums, restaurants, and nightclubs make Copenhagen a major tourist destination.

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